Prijevodi poezije Hafiza Širazija na bosanski jezik

UDK 821.222.1 : 811.163.4*3'25]

Divan Hafiza Širazija smatra se jednom od najznačajnijih poetskih zbirki kako u perzijskoj, tako i u svjetskoj književnoj tradiciji. Ovaj rad tretira dosadašnje objavljene prijevode Hafizove poezije na bosanskom jeziku iz pera Jovana Jovanovića Zmaja, Dževada Sulejmanpašića, Safvet-beg Bašagića, Fehima Bajraktarevića, Bećira Džake, Ahmeda Anande i Ebtehaja Navaeya. Prevodioci su navedeni hronološkim redoslijedom, a potom smo kroz njihove prijevode kao i tekstove o Hafizovoj poeziji kratko analizirali njihovu recepciju ove poezije. Prijevodima smo pristupili iz perspektive studija prevođenja, te se posebno osvrnuli na posredne i ponovljene prijevode. Autorica zaključuje da je različito pristupanje Hafizovoj poeziji rezultiralo različitim prijevodima, kao i sam način prevođenja; posredni prijevodi podomaćivali su Hafizovu poeziju, a direktni su bili vjerniji izvorniku. Osim toga, prvi prijevodi koji su nastali posrednim ili direktnim putem, ali pod utjecajem evropske recepcije Hafizove poezije, bili su jednodimenzionalni, a prevodioci su Hafizovoj poeziji pristupili iz perspektive specifičnog konteksta u kojem su prevodili, zanemarujući vremensku epohu u kojoj je djelo nastalo, kao i žanr kojem je pripadalo, a ovaj se pristup zadržao nešto više od jednog stoljeća. Kroz ponovljene prijevode Divan se polahko vraćao u svoj kulturološki krug. Baš kao što su ljubavni i gnostički gazel sintezom doživjeli svoj vrhunac u Hafizovoj poeziji, tako   su prijevodi Hafizove poezije doživjeli svoj vrhunac pojavom cjelokupnog prijevoda Divana iz pera Bećira Džake, koji je sve dotadašnje prijevode, koji su bili fokusirani više na stil ili na značenje, okrunio ovim prijevodom, obuhvativši sve aspekte ove poezije.

Ključne riječi: Hafiz Širazi, Divan, perzijski jezik, Balkan, izravni i posredni prijevodi, ponovljeni prijevodi, hronološki redoslijed prevodilaca, recepcija, ambigvitet

Translations of Hafiz Shirazi's Poetry into the Bosnian Language

Alma Jašarević

Abstract

Hafiz Shirazi's Divan is considered one of the most significant poetic collections both in the Persian and world literary traditions. This paper discusses the previously published translations of Hafiz's poetry in the Bosnian language by Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Dževad Sulejmanpašić, Safvet-beg Bašagić, Fehim Bajraktarević, Bećir Džaka, Ahmed Ananda and Ebtehaj Navaey. We listed the translators in chronological order, and then, through their translations, as well as the texts about Hafiz's poetry, we briefly analyzed their reception of this poetry. We approached the translations from the perspective of translation studies, and looked in particular at intermediate and repeated translations. The author concludes that different approaches to Hafiz's poetry resulted in different translations, as well as the way of translation itself; indirect translations domesticated Hafiz's poetry, while direct translations were more faithful to the original. In addition, the first translations which were created indirectly or directly and under the influence of the European reception of Hafiz's poetry, were one-dimensional, and the translators approached Hafiz's poetry from the perspective of the specific context in which they were translating, ignoring the time epoch in which the work was created, as well as the genre to which it belonged, and this approach persisted for a little over a century. Through repeated translations, Divan slowly returned to its cultural circle. Just as the love and gnostic ghazal reached their peak in Hafiz's poetry by synthesis, the translations of Hafiz's poetry reached their peak with the appearance of the complete translation of Divan from the pen of Bećir Žaka, which crowned all previous translations that focused more on style or meaning, covering all aspects of this poetry.

Keywords: Hafiz Shirazi, Divan, Persian language, Balkans, direct and indirect translations, repeated translations, chronological order of translators, reception, ambiguity