Mulla Sadrine inovacije u filozofiji

UDK 1 Al-Shirazi

Uvidjevši nedostatke misaonih filozofskih pravca do svog vremena Mulla Sadra utemeljuje novo filozofsko učenje kojeg, da bi se razlikovao od ostalih, naziva hikmetul-mutealije ili doslovno prevedeno uzvišena mudrost. Iako je učinio iskorak i ukazao na nedostatnosti prijašnjih filozofskih učenja Mulla Sadra se prema svim svojim prethodnicima obraća s posebnim poštovanjem zbog njihova ogromnog doprinosa na putu razotkrivanju istina.

Ono što je bilo presudno kod Mulla Sadre da učini kopernikanski zaokret i to prihvati kao temelj svoje filozofije je dokaz o primarnosti egzistencije. Mulla Sadra veoma jasno kaže da je ovo saznanje bio Božiji dar njemu i ne samo ovo već isto tvrdi i za neka ostala pitanja. Do Mulla Sadre sva filozofska zdanja su se gradila na pretpostavci primarnosti esencije što je presudno utjecalo na ostala filozofska pitanja. Činjenica jeste da se pitanje primarnosti egzistencije provijava u nekim manjim sekvencama kod njegovih prethodnika, ali tek s Mulla Sadrom to postaje kamen temeljac svih ostalih promišljanja i koje njegovoj filozofiji daje skroz novi oblik.

Inovacije Mulla Sadre u filozofiji podrazumijevaju da se one analiziraju u četiri područja, koja ustvari predstavljaju osnovna područja filozofije, a to su: ontologija, epistemologija, teologija, filozofska psihologija. U ovom radu obrađuju se neka od važnijih pitanja koliko to dozvoljava okvir jednog rada za časopis. Ta pitanja su: primarnost egzistencije, kontingentno siromaštvo, općenitost i obuhvatnost znanja, volje, života i svijesti i drugih savršenstava egzistencije, pravilo “prosta zbilja su sve stvari i nije ništa od toga”, supstancionalno kretanje, zbilja znanja, jedinstvo inteligibilije i intelekta (jedinstvo subjekta i objekta), kao i pitanja koja su nužno proizašla iz ovih osnovnih.

Ključne riječi: Mulla Sadra, primarnost egzistencije, supstancionalno kretanje, zbilja znanja, jedinstvo inteligibilije i intelekta

 

Mulla Sadra's Innovations in Philosophy

Seyyed Mohammad Entezam 

Seeing the shortcomings of the philosophical lines of thought up to his time, Mulla Sadra founded a new philosophical teaching which, to distinguish it from others, he called hikmat al-muta‘āliya or, literally translated, sublime wisdom. Although he made a step forward and pointed out the inadequacies of previous philosophical teachings, Mulla Sadra addresses all his predecessors with special respect because of their enormous contribution to the path of uncovering truths.

What was crucial for Mulla Sadra to make a Copernican turn and accept it as the basis of his philosophy is the proof of the primacy of existence. Mulla Sadra says very clearly that this knowledge was God's gift to him. He claims the same for some other issues as well. Before Mulla Sadra, all philosophical edifices were built on the assumption of the primacy of essence, which decisively influenced other philosophical issues. The fact is that the question of the primacy of existence appears in some smaller sequences in his predecessors, but only with Mulla Sadra does it become the cornerstone of all other considerations and gives his philosophy a completely new form. Mulla Sadra's innovations in philosophy imply that they are analyzed in four areas, which actually represent the basic areas of philosophy: ontology, epistemology, theology, philosophical psychology. The paper discusses some important issues to the extent allowed by a journal article framework. These questions are: the primacy of existence, contingent poverty, the generality and comprehensiveness of knowledge, will, life and consciousness and other perfections of existence, the rule “the simple reality is all things and nothing of them”, substantial movement, the reality of knowledge, the unity of intelligibility and intellect (unity of subject and object), as well as questions that necessarily arose from these basic ones.

Keywords: Mulla Sadra, primacy of existence, substantial movement, reality of knowledge, unity of intelligibility and intellect